Neutralisations reactions

This lesson covers:

  1. The reactions of acids with metal oxides
  2. The reactions of acids with metal hydroxides
  3. The reactions of acids with metal carbonates
  4. How to react an acid and base and obtain insoluble salt crystals

Which products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal oxide?

(Select all that apply)

Carbon dioxide

Water

Oxygen

A salt

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Choose the correct balanced equation for the reaction of sulphuric acid and sodium oxide:

H2SO4  +  2Na2O  âž”  2Na2SO4  +  H2O

2H2SO4  +  Na2O  âž”  Na2SO4  +  2H2O

H2SO4  +  Na2O  âž”  Na2SO4  +  H2O

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What type of reaction is it when an acid and a base react together? 

Thermal decomposition reaction 

Neutralisation reaction 

Oxidation reaction 

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During a neutralisation reaction, the positive ions from the acid react with the negative ions from the alkali to form molecules of water.

hydrogen
hydroxide

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Which products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?

(select all that apply)

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

A salt

Water

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Remember that when an acid and base react, a salt is always formed.


To work out the formula of the salt, take the positive ion from the base, such as sodium from sodium oxide (Na2O), and the negative ion from the acid, such as chloride from hydrochloric acid (HCl), and combine them together.

So in the case of sodium oxide (Na2O) reacting with hydrochloric acid (HCl), the salt would be sodium chloride (NaCl).

Select the products formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide.

(Select all that apply)

Hydrogen

Potassium oxide

Water

Potassium chloride

Carbon dioxide

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Which products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

(select all that apply)

Water

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

Hydrogen

A salt

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Lithium carbonate and hydrochloric acid undergo a neutralisation reaction.


Which salt is produced?

Lithium chlorate

Lithium hydroxide

Lithium oxide

Lithium chloride

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How to obtain soluble salt crystals from an acid-base reaction


excess / limiting / filtering / filter / funnel / base / acid / crystals


This is quite a long and complicated process, so we can think of it in two parts:


Part 1 - Obtain a solution of the soluble salt that we want

  1. Place dilute in a beaker and heat gently.
  2. Add the solid base bit by bit until it stops reacting, which means it's in .
  3. Isolate the salt solution by out the excess solid base using filter paper and a .


Part 2 - Isolate the soluble salt crystals from the solution 

  1. Heat the salt solution gently in a water bath until start to form.
  2. Let the solution cool further, which will cause more crystals to precipitate.
  3. Filter out the soluble salt crystals using paper and funnel. 
acid
excess
filtering
funnel
crystals
filter

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To form the soluble salt 'nickel sulfate' you would need to react an insoluble base that contains nickel ions, and an acid that contains sulfate ions. 


Which two substances from the list below could you use? 

Nickel oxide 

Potassium hydroxide 

Sulfuric acid

Nitric acid

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Which two substances below could react to form the soluble salt barium nitrate? 

Barium carbonate 

Sodium hydroxide 

Hydrochloric acid

Nitric acid

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When a soluble salt is formed from an acid and an insoluble base, how do you know when an excess of base has been added?

Bubble of gas will appear 

Some of the reactant will be left unreacted

All of the insoluble base will dissolve 

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