Adaptations

This lesson covers: 

  1. What adaptations are
  2. The differences between anatomical, behavioural, and physiological adaptations

What are adaptations?

Adaptations are inherited characteristics that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment.


The three adaptation categories are:

  • Anatomical - Physical structures, both internal and external.
  • Behavioural - Activities and responses, whether inherited or learned.
  • Physiological - Internal biological functions.


It's common for adaptations to span several categories. For example, a peacock displaying its colourful tail feathers during mating rituals showcases both anatomical and behavioural adaptations.

Anatomical adaptations

Anatomical adaptations are the physical attributes that aid an organism's survival.


Examples of anatomical adaptations include:

  • Body coverings - Fur, feathers, scales protect organisms and support their survival.
  • Camouflage - Organisms with colouration that blends into their environment are less likely to be detected.
  • Mimicry - Some species imitate the appearance of more dangerous ones for protection.
  • Teeth - The shape of an animal's teeth are adapted to its diet.

Behavioural adaptations

Behavioural adaptations are actions that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction.


Examples of behavioural adaptations include:

  • Defensive responses - For example, opossums play dead and rabbits freeze to avoid detection by predators.
  • Courtship displays - For example, male scorpions dance to attract mates.
  • Seasonal actions - For example, migration helps birds access resources year-round and hibernation helps bears conserve energy when food is scarce.

Physiological adaptations

Physiological adaptations are internal processes that give organisms an edge in survival.


Examples of physiological adaptations include:

  • Venom - Used by snakes to immobilise prey and by plants to deter herbivores.
  • Antibiotics - Produced by bacteria to outcompete rival species.
  • Water storage - Desert frogs can survive for over a year without a water source by storing water in their bodies.