Protein Synthesis - Transcription & Translation
This lesson covers:
- How proteins are made (a process we call 'protein synthesis')
- The steps involved in protein synthesis, including transcription and translation
- The structures & molecules involved (DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes)
A section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a .
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Which of the following describes transcription?
The movement of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
The copying of a single gene of DNA, to mRNA
The combination of amino acids to form a polypeptide
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Where does transcription take place?
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Ribosome
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Why does a gene of DNA have to be copied to mRNA (transcription)?
DNA is too large to leave the nucleus
DNA doesn't carry genetic information
DNA has the wrong code
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How is mRNA different to DNA?
(Select all that apply)
mRNA is double stranded, but DNA is single stranded
mRNA is shorter than DNA
mRNA is single stranded, but DNA is double stranded
mRNA is longer than DNA
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Once the mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, which sub-cellular structure (organelle) does it go to?
Chloroplast
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Mitochondria
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Which of the following describes translation?
The combination of amino acids to form a polypeptide
The copying of a single gene of DNA to mRNA
The movement of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
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How many bases are needed to code for one amino acid?
1
2
3
4
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What is the function of a ribosome?
To build sugars from water and carbon dioxide
To assemble proteins from amino acids
To release energy from glucose
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A chain of amino acids is called a ____________.
Carbohydrate
Nucleic acid
Polypeptide
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Which base does uracil replace in mRNA?
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
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Different sequences of amino acids within a polypeptide will fold up into different shapes, and so form different .
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