Protein Synthesis - Transcription & Translation

This lesson covers:

  1. How proteins are made (a process we call 'protein synthesis')
  2. The steps involved in protein synthesis, including transcription and translation 
  3. The structures & molecules involved (DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes)

A section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a .

gene

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Which of the following describes transcription? 

The movement of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm 

The combination of amino acids to form a polypeptide

The copying of a single gene of DNA, to mRNA

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Illustration showing the nucleus of a cell where transcription takes place.

Where does transcription take place?

Ribosome 

Chloroplast 

Mitochondria 

Nucleus 

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Why does a gene of DNA have to be copied to mRNA (transcription)?

DNA has the wrong code 

DNA is too large to leave the nucleus 

DNA doesn't carry genetic information 

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How is mRNA different to DNA?

(Select all that apply)

mRNA is single stranded, but DNA is double stranded 

mRNA is double stranded, but DNA is single stranded 

mRNA is shorter than DNA

mRNA is longer than DNA

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Once the mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, which sub-cellular structure (organelle) does it go to?

Ribosome 

Chloroplast 

Cell membrane 

Mitochondria 

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Which of the following describes translation? 

The copying of a single gene of DNA to mRNA

The movement of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm 

The combination of amino acids to form a polypeptide

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How many bases are needed to code for one amino acid?

1

2

3

4

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Illustration showing the structure of a ribosome.

What is the function of a ribosome?

To release energy from glucose

To assemble proteins from amino acids

To build sugars from water and carbon dioxide 

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A chain of amino acids is called a ____________.

Nucleic acid 

Polypeptide 

Carbohydrate 

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Illustration showing uracil replacing a base in mRNA.

Which base does uracil replace in mRNA?

Guanine

Adenine 

Thymine

Cytosine 

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Different sequences of amino acids within a polypeptide will fold up into different shapes, and so form different .

proteins

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