Protein Synthesis - Transcription & Translation
This lesson covers:
- How proteins are made (a process we call 'protein synthesis')
- The steps involved in protein synthesis, including transcription and translation
- The structures & molecules involved (DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes)
A section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a .
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Which of the following describes transcription?
The copying of a single gene of DNA, to mRNA
The combination of amino acids to form a polypeptide
The movement of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
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Where does transcription take place?
Ribosome
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
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Why does a gene of DNA have to be copied to mRNA (transcription)?
DNA doesn't carry genetic information
DNA is too large to leave the nucleus
DNA has the wrong code
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How is mRNA different to DNA?
(Select all that apply)
mRNA is shorter than DNA
mRNA is double stranded, but DNA is single stranded
mRNA is single stranded, but DNA is double stranded
mRNA is longer than DNA
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Once the mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, which sub-cellular structure (organelle) does it go to?
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Ribosome
Mitochondria
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Which of the following describes translation?
The combination of amino acids to form a polypeptide
The copying of a single gene of DNA to mRNA
The movement of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
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How many bases are needed to code for one amino acid?
1
2
3
4
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What is the function of a ribosome?
To release energy from glucose
To assemble proteins from amino acids
To build sugars from water and carbon dioxide
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A chain of amino acids is called a ____________.
Nucleic acid
Polypeptide
Carbohydrate
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Which base does uracil replace in mRNA?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
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Different sequences of amino acids within a polypeptide will fold up into different shapes, and so form different .
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