Animal and Plant Cells

This lesson covers: 

  1. The characteristics of all living cells
  2. Similarities between animal and plant cells
  3. Unique structures in plant cells

All living things consist of cells

Diagram showing an organism, a microscope, and magnified skin cells.
  • Living things are also called organisms.
  • All organisms are made of tiny units called cells.
  • Cells can be viewed under a microscope, especially when using a coloured stain.

Similarities between animal and plant cells

Animal and plant cells share several cell structures.

Diagram showing similarities between animal and plant cells including nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and cell membrane.
  1. Nucleus - This controls cell activities and contains genetic material.
  2. Cytoplasm - This is a jelly-like substance where chemical reactions occur.
  3. Cell membrane - This controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
  4. Mitochondria - These are the sites of cellular respiration, which releases energy.

Unique structures in plant cells

Plant cells have some unique cell structures that are not found in animal cells.

Illustration of a plant cell showing unique structures including cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts.
  1. Cell wall - This is a rigid outer layer made of cellulose to strengthen the cell.
  2. Vacuole - This is a space filled with cell sap, which is a sugary solution that helps to support the cell.
  3. Chloroplasts - These contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis.