What is a fossil fuel?

A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing material, formed naturally in the earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals.

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What are the 3 types of fossil fuels, and what are their physical states?

Coal (solid), crude oil (liquid), natural gas (gas).

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Give 3 advantages of fossil fuels.

  1. They are relatively cheap.
  2. They can be used in any conditions (e.g. they don't depend on the environment at all).
  3. Much of our current infrastructure is designed to run on fossil fuels (e.g. most of our cars use petrol or disease which are both made from crude oil).

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Give 3 disadvantages of fossil fuels.

  1. They're a limited resource so will run out one day.
  2. They produce carbon dioxide when they're burned, which is a greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming.
  3. They sometimes produce toxic gases when they're burned, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide

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What is nuclear energy?

Nuclear energy is energy obtained by nuclear reactions, such as nuclear fission reactions in nuclear power stations.

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Give 3 advantages of nuclear energy.

  1. Nuclear fuels do not produce any pollutants like sulfur dioxide, or greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.
  2. Can be used in any conditions (e.g. it doesn't depend on the environment at all).
  3. Although nuclear fuel (like uranium) is a limited resource it is very unlikely to run out for a very long time.

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Give 4 disadvantages of nuclear energy.

  1. Nuclear power stations produce radioactive waste, which remains harmful for thousands of years, and so must be stored very carefully.
  2. It is expensive.
  3. If there is a problem at the power station, there is a very small chance of a nuclear meltdown which could release large amounts of radioactive material into the environment
  4. Nuclear fuels (like uranium) are a finite resource (although nuclear power stations only use very tiny amounts so won't run out any time soon).

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