What happens when there is a temperature difference between two objects?
Energy will be transferred from the hotter object to the cooler object until they reach thermal equilibrium (the same temperature).
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What are the two main ways energy can be transferred between objects by heating?
1. Conduction
2. Radiation
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Describe conduction.
Conduction occurs when:
1. An object is heated, causing particles to vibrate more as they gain kinetic energy.
2. The vibrating particles pass energy to neighbouring particles by direct contact.
3. It only happens when particles can bump into each other, so the objects must be touching.
4. Particles transfer energy from the hotter object to the colder object.
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Describe how energy is transferred by radiation.
All objects emitting invisible waves that transfer energy, with hotter objects emitting more radiation.
The hot object radiating more energy than it absorbs, causing it to cool down.
The cool object absorbing radiation from the hot object, causing it to heat up.
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What is the difference between conductors and insulators?
Conductors, like metals, easily transfer energy.
Insulators, like plastics, do not transfer energy well.
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How do insulators affect energy transfer?
Wrapping an object in an insulator slows down energy transfer.
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What is the purpose of using insulators?
Insulators help keep hot things hot and cold things cold by slowing down energy transfer.
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