What is the difference between structural isomerism and stereoisomerism?
Structural isomerism involves different arrangements of atoms in the molecule.
Stereoisomerism involves the same arrangement of atoms but different spatial arrangements.
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Explain the origin of E/Z isomerism in alkenes.
E/Z isomerism results from restricted rotation around carbon-carbon double bonds in alkenes that have two different atoms or groups bonded to each carbon of the C=C double bond.
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Describe, in terms of Cahn-Prelog priorities, the arrangement of groups across the double bond of an alkene in an E-isomer.
In an E-isomer, the higher priority groups are on opposite sides of the double bond.
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How are cis and trans isomers related to E and Z isomers?
The cis isomer is the Z isomer and the trans isomer is the E isomer.
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What is cis-trans isomerism?
Cis-trans isomerism is a special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group are the same.
For example, the cis isomer of but-2-ene has the H atoms on the same side of the molecule, whereas the trans isomer has the H atoms diagonally opposite each other (as shown below).
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How do you assign Cahn-Prelog priorities to atoms or groups in an alkene?
The atom or group with the higher atomic number on each carbon atom of the C=C double bond has the higher priority.
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Describe, in terms of Cahn-Prelog priorities, the arrangement of groups across the double bond of an alkene in an Z-isomer.
In a Z-isomer, the higher priority groups are on the same side of the double bond.
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