What does it mean if a reactant is 'in excess’?

There is more than is needed, so there is some left over at the end of the reaction. In other words, there is an excessive amount.

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What is a 'limiting reactant’?

A reactant that all gets used up, and so limits how much product can be made (because there's none of that reactant left).

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What do we mean by molar ratio?

The molar ratio is the ratio between the moles of different reactants and products in a balanced equation.


For example, in the equation: N2+ 3H2 ➔ 2NH3, the N: H2 molar ratio is 1:3.

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