What element do all acids contain in their formulae?

Hydrogen

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What ion do all acids release when dissolved in water?

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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What happens to a strong acid when it dissolves in water?

It completely dissociates and releases all its hydrogen atoms as H+ ions

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What arrow is used to show the full dissociation of a strong acid in aqueous solution?

➔

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What happens to a weak acid when it dissolves in water?

It partially dissociates and releases only a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms as H+ ions

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What arrow is used to show the partial dissociation of a weak acid in aqueous solution?

⇌

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What is an alkali?

A base that dissolves in water and releases hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution

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What is a salt?

A compound formed when H+ ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions or other positive ions such as ammonium ions. 

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What types of salts are formed from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid?

Hydrochloric acid forms chloride salts.

Sulfuric acid forms sulfate salts.

Nitric acid forms nitrate salts.

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What type of reaction takes place between acids and bases?

Neutralisation

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Write the ionic equation that occurs in a neutralisation reaction.

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ➔ H2O(l)

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What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate?

Acid + metal carbonate ➔ salt + water + carbon dioxide

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What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide?

Acid + metal hydroxide ➔ salt + water

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What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide?

Acid + metal oxide ➔ salt + water

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What ion do all alkalis release when dissolved in water?

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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What is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and aqueous ammonia?

Acid + ammonia ➔ ammonium salt

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