Explain how amines can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary based on their structure.
Amines can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary by the number of alkyl or aryl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.
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What is the shape and bond angles around the nitrogen atom of an amine?
The nitrogen atom of an amine has a trigonal pyramidal shape with bond angles of ≈107°.
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What is the difference between aliphatic amines and aromatic amines?
In aliphatic amines, the nitrogen atom is bonded to at least one straight or branched carbon chain i.e. an alkyl group.
In aromatic amines, the nitrogen atom is bonded directly to a benzene ring.
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Why do amines behave as Brønsted-Lowry bases?
Amines behave as Brønsted-Lowry bases because the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom can accept a proton, forming a dative covalent bond.
For example, ethylamine behaves as a Brønsted-Lowry base:
C2H5NH2 + H+ ➔ C2H5NH3+
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Describe the reactions of amines with acids.
Amines neutralise acids to form salts.
For example, ethylamine reacts with hydrochloric acid to form ethylammonium choride:
C2H5NH2 + HCl ➔ C2H5NH3Cl
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