Define the term transition element.
Transition elements are d-block elements that form at least one stable ion with a partially filled d-orbital.
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What is meant by a d-block element?
A d-block element is a metallic element that has its highest energy electron(s) located in a d sub-shell.
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What is the full electronic configuration of an atom of chromium?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
The 3d54s1 configuration provides greater stability to chromium than a 3d44s2 configuration does, due to the half-filled d-subshell.
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Why are scandium and zinc not classified as transition elements?
Scandium and zinc do not form ions with partially filled d-orbitals.
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List four chemical properties of transition elements.
Four chemical properties of transition elements are:
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Why can transition elements form compounds with variable oxidation states?
The 3d and 4s sub-shells are very similar in energy, so only small amounts of energy are needed to remove differing numbers of electrons to form stable ions in different oxidation states.
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What is the full electronic configuration of an atom of copper?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
The 3d104s1 configuration provides greater stability to copper than a 3d94s2 configuration does, due to the fully-filled d-subshell.
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