What is an ionic bond?


An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion. 


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Why do atoms form ions?

Atoms form ions so that they gain a full outer shell of electrons, which makes them more stable.

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Describe how an ionic bond forms between a metal atom and a non-metal atom.

  1. The metal atom will transfer one or more electrons to the non-metal atom so that both have full outer shells.
  2. This will make the metal a positive ion, and the non-metal a negative ion.
  3. The two oppositely charged ions will then be strongly attracted by electrostatic forces.
  4. This electrostatic attraction is called an 'ionic bond'.

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What is an ionic dot and cross diagram?


A diagram that shows ionic bonding by showing how the electrons are transferred to form ions.


Dot and cross diagrams can also show covalent bonding by showing how the electrons are shared between atoms. 

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What is an ion?

An ion is a charged atom or molecule.

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How does an atom become an ion?

By losing or gaining one or more electrons.

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Do metals normally become positive or negative ions?


Metals normally become positive ions.

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Do non-metals normally become positive or negative ions?

Non-metals normally become negative ions.

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Why don't group 0 elements form ions?

Group 0 elements do not form ions because they already have a full outer shell of electrons.

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When group 6 elements become ions, what charge will they have?

-2

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When group 2 elements become ions, what charge will they have?

+2

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When group 7 elements become ions, what charge will they have?

-1

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When group 1 elements become ions, what charge will they have?

+1

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Describe the structure and bonding of an ionic compound.

Ionic compounds have a giant ionic lattice structure.


The ions form a closely-packed regular lattice arrangement, with strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, in all directions.

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What are the properties of ionic compounds?

  1. High melting and boiling points.
  2. Conduct electricity when molten or aqueous, but not when solid.
  3. Dissolve in water.

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Why are ionic compounds non-volatile?

The strong ionic bonds (electrostatic forces of attraction) between the oppositely charged ions require a lot of energy (and therefore a high temperature) to break.

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When do ionic compounds conduct electricity, and why?

Ionic compounds only conduct electricity when molten or aqueous, but not when solid.


This is because substances need charged particles that are free to move in, order to conduct electricity. When ionic compounds are solid, their ions are in a fixed lattice, so can’t flow. However, when molten or aqueous, the ions are free to move and carry charge. 

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What is the charge of an ion of an element in group 6 of the periodic table?

2-

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What is the charge of an ion of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?

(1)+

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What is a compound ion?

A compound ion is an ion containing atoms of more than one element bonded together.

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Why do ionic compounds have no overall electrical charge?

Ionic compounds are made up of oppositely charged ions.

The sum of the positive ion charge = the sum of the negative ion charge.

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What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion

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What is a cation?

A positively charged ion

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