What is the ideal gas equation?

pV = nRT


p = pressure (Pa)

V = volume (m3)

n = number of moles (mol)

R = ideal gas constant (J mol-1 K-1)

T = temperature (K)

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What are the units of pressure, volume and temperature in the ideal gas equation?

Pressure: Pa

Volume: m3

Temperature: K

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List 5 assumptions made about an ideal gas.

The 5 assumptions about an ideal gas are:

  1. The motion of gas molecules is rapid and random.
  2. The molecules of an ideal gas occupy a negligible volume compared to the empty space between them.
  3. There are no intermolecular forces of attraction between gas molecules.
  4. All collisions between molecules are elastic.
  5. The average kinetic energy of the gas depends only on its temperature.

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Give 4 versions of the ideal gas equation in the format:

1p = 

2V = 

3n = 

4T = 

  1. p = VnRT​
  2. V = pnRT​
  3. n = RTpV​
  4.  T = nRpV​

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How do you convert between units of dm3 and m3?

To convert from dm3 into m3, divide by 1,000.

To convert from m3 into dm3, multiply by 1,000.

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What are the two main reasons real gases do not always follow ideal gas predictions perfectly?

  1. Intermolecular attractions exist between particles.
  2. The volume of the actual gas particles cannot be ignored.

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What happens to the particles in a solid when it is heated?

They vibrate more about a fixed position.

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What happens to the molecules in a gas when it is heated?

They gain kinetic energy and move faster, getting further apart.

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State the five main assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases.

  1. Particles move rapidly and randomly.
  2. Particle volume is negligible compared to the empty space.
  3. There are no intermolecular attractions or repulsions.
  4. Particle collisions are elastic with no energy loss.
  5. Temperature relates to the average kinetic energy of particles.

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What is the definition of an ideal gas?

An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas that perfectly obeys all the assumptions of the kinetic theory.

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Write the ideal gas equation, defining each term.

pV = nRT


Where:

  • p = pressure (Pa)
  • V = volume (m³)
  • n = number of moles
  • R = gas constant
  • T = temperature (K)

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