What is the carbonyl functional group?

The carbonyl functional group consists of a carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O).


The carbonyl group is present in aldehydes and ketones.

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Describe the position of the carbonyl functional group in an aldehyde.

In an aldehyde, the carbon atom of the carbonyl functional group is located at the end of a carbon chain, bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.


The displayed formula of the aldehyde propanal is:

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Describe the position of the carbonyl functional group in a ketone.

In ketones, the carbon atom of the carbonyl functional group is bonded to two other carbon atoms in the carbon chain.


The displayed formula of the ketone propanone is:

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What suffixes are used to name aldehydes and ketones?

Aldehydes are named using the suffix -al.

Ketones are named using the suffix -one.


The carbonyl carbon is counted as part of the carbon chain of the root, e.g., HCHO is methanal. 

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How are aldehydes prepared?

Aldehydes are made from the oxidation of a primary alcohol using acidified K2Cr2O7 or acidified KMnO4, gentle heating and distillation.

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How are ketones prepared?

Ketones are made from the oxidation of a secondary alcohol using acidified K2Cr2O7 or acidified KMnO4 and heating under reflux.

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