What is a molecular formula?

The molecular formula shows the actual numbers of each element present in a molecule.


E.g. the molecular formula of ethanol is C2H6O.

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What is an empirical formula?

The empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound.


E.g. the empiral formula of ethene is CH2.

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What is a general formula?

The general formula is the simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series, used to generate the molecular formula for any member of that series.


E.g. the general formula of alkenes is CnH2n.

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What is a displayed formula?

A displayed formula shows the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them.


E.g. the displayed formula of ethanol is:

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What is a skeletal formula?

A skeletal formula is a simplified organic formula that shows the carbon skeleton and functional groups, removing carbon and hydrogen labels and bonds to hydrogen atoms.


E.g. the skeletal formula of ethanol is:

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In a skeletal formula, what does a line intersection represent?

A carbon atom

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Are functional groups included in skeletal formulae?

Yes, functional groups must be included in skeletal formulae when they are present in a molecule.

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