Describe, and give the equation for, the reaction of magnesium with water at room temperature.

Magnesium reacts slowly to form a weakly alkaline solution of magnesium hydroxide.

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) ➔ Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

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Describe, and give the equation for, the reaction of sodium with water at room temperature.

The reaction is very vigorous - sodium floats and fizzes rapidly as a molten ball.

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) ➔ 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)


The heat energy released by the reaction melts the sodium.

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What is the pH of the resulting solution formed in the reaction of sodium and water?

The reaction produces a strongly alkaline solution with a pH of 12-14.

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Give the equation, including state symbols, for the reaction between magnesium and steam.

Mg(s) + H2O(g) ➔ MgO(s) + H2(g)

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Describe, and give the equation for, the reaction of sodium with oxygen.

Sodium burns brightly with a yellow flame to form white sodium oxide.

2Na(s) +  1⁄2O2(g) ➔ Na2O(s)

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Describe, and give the equation for, the reaction of magnesium with oxygen.

Magnesium burns with a bright white flame producing white magnesium oxide powder.

2Mg(s) + O2(g) ➔ 2MgO(s)

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Describe, and give the equation for, the reaction of aluminium powder with oxygen.

Aluminium powder burns brightly to produce white aluminium oxide powder.

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) ➔ 2Al2O3(s)

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Give the equation, including state symbols, for the reaction of silicon with oxygen.

Si(s) + O2(g) ➔ SiO2(s)

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Describe, and give the equation for, the reaction of phosphorus with oxygen.

Phosphorus ignites spontaneously in air producing white clouds of phosphorus pentoxide.

4P(s) + 5O2(g) ➔ P4O10(s)

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Describe, and give the equation for, the reaction of sulfur with oxygen at room temperature.

Sulfur burns with a blue flame to produce sulfur dioxide.

S(s) + O2(g) ➔ SO2(g)

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State the trend in the the oxidation state of period 3 elements in their oxides from sodium to phosphorus?

The oxidation states of period 3 elements in their oxides increases from +1 in sodium oxide to +5 in phosphorus pentoxide.

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What is the pH of the resulting solution formed in the reaction of magnesium and water?

The reaction produces a weakly alkaline solution with a pH of ≈10.

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