Name this shape and state the bond angle.

Tetrahedral, with H-C-H bond angles of 109.5°. 

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Name this shape and state the bond angle.

Trigonal planar, with F-B-F bond angles of 120°. 

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How do lone pairs of electrons affect the bond angle of a molecule?

Lone pairs repel more strongly than bonded pairs, causing the bonded pairs to be slightly closer together and decreasing the bond angle.

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What is the arrangement of bonds around the central atom in a trigonal bipyramidal molecule?

5 bonds around the central atom; 3 are in the same plane with bond angles of 120°, and 2 are perpendicular to this plane with bond angles of 90°.


For example, the trigonal bipyramidal PCl5 molecule is shown below.

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What is the arrangement of bonds around the central atom in a square planar molecule?

4 bonds in the same plane around the central atom with bond angles of 90°.


For example, the square planar molecule XeF4 is shown below. 

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What is the shape and bond angle in a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs of electrons?

Non-linear or bent, with bond angles of 104.5°.

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What is the shape and bond angle in a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair of electrons?

Trigonal pyramidal, with bond angles of 107°.

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How does the bond angle of a tetrahedral shape change when one bonding pair of electrons is replaced by a lone pair?

The bond angle decreases by 2.5° from 109.5° to 107°.

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What is the shape of a molecule with 6 bonding pairs of electrons?

Octahedral

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How do electron pairs affect the shape of a molecule or ion?

The electron pairs surrounding a central atom repel one another and arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimise repulsion.

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