The Hydroxides and Sulfates of Group 2 Flashcards | A-Level Chemistry AQA

What is the trend in solubility of group 2 hydroxides, from magnesium to barium?

Group 2 hydroxides become more soluble as we move down group 2.

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What is the trend in solubility of group 2 sulfates, from magnesium to barium?

Group 2 sulfates become less soluble as we move down group 2.

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What is the use of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂, in agriculture?

Ca(OH)₂ is used to treat acidic soil and adjust pH levels for optimal plant growth.

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What is the use of magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)₂, in medicine?

Mg(OH)₂, known as milk of magnesia, is used to neutralise excess stomach acid and alleviate symptoms of heartburn and indigestion.

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What is the use of barium sulfate, BaSO₄, in medicine?

BaSO₄ is used to outline the gut in medical X-rays. It is taken by mouth as a barium meal, and its heavy atoms are effective at absorbing X-rays, making it useful for diagnostic imaging.

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Why is calcium oxide (CaO) used to remove sulfur dioxide from flue gases in power stations? Explain your answer with an equation.

CaO is a base and reacts with acidic gases such as sulfur dioxide to form calcium sulfite, CaSO₃.

CaO + SO₂ ➔ CaSO₃ + H₂O

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What is the role of magnesium in extraction of titanium from TiCl₄? Explain your answer with an equation.

Magnesium acts as a reducing agent by reducing TiCl₄ to titanium metal, with magnesium itself being oxidised in the process.

2Mg_(s) + TiCl_4(l) ➔ Ti_(s) + 2MgCl_2(s)

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State and explain the trend in alkalinity of the solutions formed when group 2 oxides react with water.

The solutions become more alkaline as we move down group 2.

This is because the solubility of the group 2 hydroxides in water increases down the group, so the resulting solutions contain a higher concentration of OH^-_(aq) ions.

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What is the ionic equation for the reaction of a group 2 metal oxide (MO) with water?

MO + H₂O ➔ M²⁺ + 2OH^-

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