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What are titrations used for?

Titrations allow you to find unknown concentrations of acids or alkalis. 

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What is a pipette, and what is it used for?

A pipette is used to accurately measure a certain volume of acid or alkali (normally 25 cm3)

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What is a burette, and what is it used for?

A burette is used to add a very precise amount of alkali or acid to a conical flask, in order to neutralise the acid or alkali in the flask.

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Why is the tap on the burette important?

The tap allows you to add a very precise volume of alkali or acid to the flask, as it controls how quickly it leaves the burette.

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What is the 'end point' of a titration?

The end point is the point at which all of the acid or alkali is neutralised, and the indicator changes colour.

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What safety precautions should be taken while performing a titration?

  1. Wear gloves to avoid getting acid or alkali on your hands.
  2. Wear safety goggles to avoid getting acid or alkali in your eyes.

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What should you do for the first titration and why?

Do a rough titration to get an approximate idea of the volume required for neutralisation (the end point).

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During a titration, why should the flask be placed on a white tile?

So that you can more easily see the colour change of the indicator, as the alkali or acid is neutralised.

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During a titration, why should you continuously stir the flask?

So that the acid/alkali is evenly mixed and the colour all changes at once.

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How can you improve the accuracy of titrations?

  1. Repeat the experiment several times until you get concordant results (results that are within 0.1cm3 of each other).
  2. Calculate the mean of the concordant results.

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What colour is phenolphthalein in an acidic solution?

Colourless.

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What colour is phenolphthalein in a neutral solution?

Colourless.

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What colour is phenolphthalein in an alkaline solution?

Pink / Red.

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What colour is methyl orange in an alkaline solution?

Yellow.

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What colour is methyl orange in an acidic solution?

Red.

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Why shouldn't you use universal indicator for titrations?

Universal indicator doesn't provide a sudden colour change, so it will be hard to see the 'end point'.

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