What is an element?

An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom, so where all the atoms of a substance have the same number of protons.

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Approximately how many different elements are there?

There are approximately 100 different elements.

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What is an isotope?


Isotopes are different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

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Carbon-12 and carbon-13 are isotopes of carbon. How do they differ?

They have a different number of neutrons:


  • Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons.
  • Carbon-13 has 7 neutrons.

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What does relative atomic mass mean?

Relative atomic mass is the average mass of all the isotopes of an element, taking into account the abundance and mass number of each isotope.

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What is the formula for relative atomic mass?

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What is an element symbol?

An element symbol is a one or two letter abbreviation for a chemical element's name. 


For example: 

Hydrogen is 'H' 

Carbon is 'C'

Helium is 'He'

Sodium is 'Na'

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