What are the three main types of rocks?
1. Igneous rocks
2. Sedimentary rocks
3. Metamorphic rocks
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How are extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks formed?
Igneous rocks form from magma .
As magma cools, it crystallises into interlocking mineral crystals.
Magma that erupts from volcanoes as lava forms extrusive igneous rock.
Magma that solidifies underground forms intrusive igneous rock.
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How does the size of the crystals in igneous rock depend on the cooling rate?
Fast cooling above ground results in small crystals.
Slow cooling underground results in large crystals.
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How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Sedimentary rocks form in layers from fragments of other rocks and remains of dead organisms.
Over time, water evaporates and the layers are compressed and cemented together by dissolved minerals.
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How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are changed by intense heat and pressure underground. This causes the rocks to reform with tiny mineral crystals and folded or wavy layers.
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What is the relationship between rocks and minerals?
Rocks contain various minerals, which are made up of chemical elements and compounds.
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