Describe the difference between physical changes and chemical changes.
A physical change rearranges particles or alters their energy levels but does not form new substances.
A chemical change break bonds and form new substances with different properties.
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What is sublimation in terms of state changes?
Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to gas state, without passing through the liquid phase.
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Explain what happens to the particles when a solid is heated.
The particles gain kinetic energy and start vibrating more rapidly, weakening the forces holding particles together.
This causes the solid to expand and eventually melt.
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Explain what happens to the particles when a gas is cooled.
The particles lose kinetic energy and start moving more slowly.
This strengthens forces between particles, pulling them closer together and eventually condensing into a liquid or solid state.
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How does density change during state changes?
In most substances, density decreases during state change from a solid to a liquid and from a liquid to a gas.
(An exception is solid ice, which is less dense than liquid water.)
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