Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs, also known as minisatellites) are unique sequences of non-coding DNA that vary between individuals.

Short tandem repeats (STRs, also known as microsatellites) are repeated sequences of nucleotides that are smaller than VNTRs.

Both VNTRs and STRs can be used in genetic fingerprinting as their length and location are heritable and fairly unique to individuals.

1. If radioactive probes are used, X-ray images are taken of the paper or membrane
2. If fluorescent probes are used, the paper or membrane is placed under UV light causing the fluorescent probes to glow

Genetic fingerprinting, can be used to determine whether a suspect's DNA matches samples like those in blood, semen, saliva, skin cells, or hair roots found at a crime scene.

Genetic fingerprinting can be used to identify the risk of an individual developing genetic disorders like Huntington's disease, cancers, or heart disease by analysing DNA sequences.

A match in genetic fingerprints indicates a high probability that two DNA samples come from the same individual, or at least from identical twins.

Genetic fingerprinting is a technique used to identify unique DNA patterns in individuals, to help with identification of individuals in forensics or to identify family relationships.

It is sometimes called DNA profiling.

1. Extraction - DNA is extracted from a tissue sample and amplified using PCR
2. Digestion - restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments at specific points
3. Separation - electrophoresis separates cut fragments of DNA to form a pattern
4. Hybridisation - radioactive or fluorescent DNA probes bind with VNTRs
5. Development - DNA fragments are visualised as a pattern of bars