The Simpson's index of diversity is a measure of biodiversity within a habitat that takes into account both species richness and species evenness.

proportion of polymorphic gene loci =total number of locinumber of polymorphic loci​

Genetic biodiversity can be assessed by calculating the percentage of gene variants (alleles) in a genome within isolated populations.

A high genetic biodiversity means there is a large variety of alleles in the population's gene pool.

Polymorphic genes have more than one allele.

The greater the proportion of polymorphic gene loci, the greater the genetic biodiversity within the population.

Species richness is the number of different species in a particular area at a given time.

Species evenness is a comparison of the numbers of individuals of each species in a community.

Genetic biodiversity of a population can be increased by:

1. Gene flow - interbreeding between different populations
2. Mutations in the DNA of an organism - creating a new allele

A higher genetic biodiversity increases a population's ability to adapt to environmental changes, and so helps them avoid extinction.

1. Selective breeding
2. Captive breeding programmes
3. Artificial cloning
4. Natural selection
5. Genetic bottlenecks
6. The founder effect
7. Genetic drift

A monomorphic gene is one where a single allele exists. This keeps the basic structure of individuals in a species consistent.

It always results in a value between 0 and 1.

A high value, close to 1, represents infinite biodiversity. The higher the value, the more biodiverse the habitat.

A Simpson's index of diversity of 0 represents no biodiversity.