Bioinformatics involves developing software and computational tools for collecting, storing, and analysing biological data.

Genomics is the study of genomes, using DNA sequencing and computational biology to analyse data like base pairs in DNA, protein structures, and gene regulation.

Pathogen genome sequencing and analysis helps to:

1. Identify sources of infection
2. Identify antibiotic-resistant strains
3. Aid in drug and vaccine development
4. Monitor outbreaks and plan treatments more effectively

Proteomics is the study of an organism's entire set of proteins produced by the genome (the proteome), including their structure and function.

Synthetic biology involves designing and constructing new biological systems or redesigning existing ones.

Some benefits of synthetic biology involve:

1. Synthesising functional genes to replace faulty ones as treatments for genetic disorders
2. Using microorganisms and biological systems to produce drugs efficiently and cheaply

Researchers can find similarities between new DNA sequences and those already in databases. This indicates common ancestry and allows scientists to build evolutionary trees with greater accuracy.