Asexual reproduction is the production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

The offspring produced in asexual reproduction are otherwise known as clones.

Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction where new, genetically identical individuals develop from non-reproductive tissues of a parent plant such as its roots, stems, and leaves.

Perennating organs are organs in plants that store food to help the plant survive from one season to the next while it is dormant.

A bulb forms when a leaf base becomes swollen with stored food, and the bud inside the bulb can form new shoots.

An example of a plant that can reproduce asexually using bulbs is a daffodil plant.

A rhizome is a specialised horizontal underground stem that stores food and can produce new vertical shoots from buds along the rhizome.

An example of a plant that reproduces using rhizomes is marram grass.

A tuber forms when the tip of the stem becomes swollen with food, and buds on the tuber surface can develop into new shoots.

An example of a plant that can reproduce asexually using tubers is a potato plant. The 'eyes' on a potato are buds from which new shoots can develop.

A cutting is a short section of a stem, root, or leaf that is cut from the parent plant and planted in soil. It can be used to produce a clone of the parent plant.

Rooting powder is usually applied to the base of a cutting to encourage the growth of new roots.

An advantage of vegetative propagation is that it is fast, and guarantees identical plants of a high quality.

A disadvantage of vegetative propagation is the lack of genetic variation that is produced in offspring. This makes them more vulnerable to changes like disease, pests and climate change.

1. Fast
2. Ensures a high yield
3. Cost effective
4. Maintains the quality of the crop as the new plants have the same genetic traits as their parents
5. Allows plants to survive adverse conditions and regenerate each season

A runner is a stem that grows horizontally away from the parent plant. Where the runner touches the ground it roots to form a new plant.

An example of a plant that can reproduce asexually using runners is a strawberry plant.