Conservation involves the sustainable use and management of natural resources, including the maintenance of biodiversity through human action or management.

Preservation involves protecting natural areas by restricting or banning human interference, so that the ecosystem is kept in its original state.

Sustainable development is the management of ecosystems in a way that allows for the economic exploitation of natural resources without them running out.

Reclamation is a conservation approach whereby ecosystems that have been damaged or destroyed are restored.

1. Economic - ecosystems provide resources for human survival and income, like drugs and food
2. Social - ecosystems provide natural beauty and areas for activities that are beneficial to health and well-being
3. Ethical - all organisms have a right to exist and play important roles in ecosystems, and humans have a moral responsibility to protect this

1. Preserve the environment
2. Make resources available for future generations
3. Allow all humans to live comfortably
4. Allow less economically developed countries to develop
5. Achieve a more balanced consumption of resources globally, regardless of economic status

1. Coppicing - a technique where a tree trunk is cut close to the ground, and new shoots that form from the cut surface are cut when they mature
2. Rotational coppicing - trees are coppiced in one area at a time, allowing time for regrowth before the same area of trees is coppiced again
3. Pollarding - similar to coppicing, but the trunk is cut higher up so animals cannot consume the new shoots when they first appear

Overfishing is when fishing activities decrease fish populations significantly, to the point where they are unable to regenerate.

1. Fishing quotas - set limits based on scientific assessments to regulate the numbers of certain species caught in specific areas
2. Fish farming - provides a sustainable source of protein while conserving wild fish populations
3. Using nets with different mesh sizes - ensure nets have a minimum mesh size to catch only targeted fish species while allowing smaller and non-target species to escape
4. Only allowing fishing at certain times of the year - protects the breeding season of fish species and allows levels to increase before fishing starts again

1. Selective cutting - only removing the largest trees
2. Replanting - replacing trees that are cut down to help maintain biodiversity and water and nutrient cycles
3. Planting trees an optimal distance apart - reduces competition between trees and results in higher yields
4. Managing pests and pathogens - maximises yields
5. Ensuring areas of forest remain - allows Indigenous people to continue to live in forests

Examples of preserved habitats include areas set aside in nature reserves and marine conservation zones where human interference is prohibited.

1. Improve conservation, soil, and water management
2. Increase the retail price of forestry products, generating employment and income
3. Provide sustainable wood fuel sources
4. Secure biodiversity