1. Processes information from receptor cells about changes in the internal and external environment
2. Processes information from the hormonal system
3. Produces a coordinated response

1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Medulla oblongata
4. Hypothalamus
5. Pituitary gland

It processes sensory input, and so is crucial for processes like vision and hearing, and is involved in learning, memory, and higher-level thinking.

The cerebellum controls unconscious functions like posture, balance, and involuntary muscular movement.

It receives information about balance and the tone of muscles and tendons, and relays this information to the areas of the cerebral cortex involved in motor control.

The medulla oblongata controls autonomic nervous system functions like heart rate, breathing rate, swallowing, peristalsis, and coughing.

Functions of the hypothalamus:

1. Homeostasis - helps to regulate body temperature by sensing changes and initiating appropriate responses, such as triggering sweating or shivering
2. Water balance - monitors and helps to regulate the composition of blood plasma, like the concentration of water and glucose in blood
3. Hormonal regulation - regulates hormone secretion from the pituitary gland

The pituitary gland produces, stores, and releases several hormones that regulate many body functions.

1. The anterior pituitary gland -  produces six hormones including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is involved in reproduction, and growth hormones
2. The posterior pituitary gland - stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus including ADH, which is involved in urine production

Each sensory area within the cerebral hemispheres receives information from receptor cells located in sense organs.

The information is then passed on to other areas of the brain, known as association areas, to be analysed and acted on.