What are the two categories of proteins, and what are their key characteristics?

  1. Globular proteins - compact, spherical, and soluble
  2. Fibrous proteins - made up of long strands and are insoluble in water

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Give 3 examples of metabolic roles of globular proteins.

  1. Enzymes
  2. Hormones
  3. Antibodies

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Name 3 example of fibrous proteins. 

  1. Keratin
  2. Collagen
  3. Elastin

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What is the function of haemoglobin?

Haemoglobin is used to carry oxygen around the body in red blood cells.

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How many polypeptide chains does haemoglobin have?

Haemoglobin is made up of 4 polypeptide chains. 

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What is the name of the prosthetic group in haemoglobin?

The prosthetic group is known as the haem group.

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How many oxygen molecules can haemoglobin carry at a time?

Haemoglobin can carry 4 oxygen molecules at a time.

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What characteristic allows haemoglobin to be soluble?

Haemoglobin has hydrophilic R groups on the outside of the molecule.

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What is the structure of collagen?

Collagen is made up of 3 polypeptide chains twisted around one another to form a triple helix. This helix is held together by hydrogen and covalent bonds. 

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Which amino acid is abundant in collagen?

Within each collagen chain, almost every third amino acid is glycine.

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What is the function of collagen?

Collagen is used as a structural component in various tissues such as skin and tendons. 

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What is the significance of glycine in collagen?

Glycine, the smallest amino acid, allows the 3 strands to be tightly packed together in a coil.

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Why are the ends of collagen molecules staggered?

The staggered ends prevent weak spots in the collagen structure.

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What are the strong bundles formed by collagen fibrils called?

The strong bundles formed by collagen fibrils are called fibres.

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