Which phases of the cell cycle occur after interphase?

After interphase, the cells undergo mitosis and then cytokinesis.

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What is mitosis?

The process of cell division where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

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Give three reasons why mitosis is important for living organisms.

  1. Growth 
  2. Replacement of damaged or dead tissues/cells
  3. Asexual reproduction

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What are the four stages of mitosis?

  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase

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What happens during prophase of mitosis?

Chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down and the nucleolus disappears, the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell.

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What happens during anaphase of mitosis?

Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibres.

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What happens during metaphase of mitosis?

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell and attach to spindle fibres by their centromere.

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What happens during telophase of mitosis?

Chromatids reach the opposite poles of the cell and uncoil. A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and nucleoli form.

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What happens during the process of cytokinesis?

The cytoplasm divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. 

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What is the end result of mitosis?

Two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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How might mutations in the genes controlling the cell cycle affect cell division?

Mutations in these genes may cause uncontrolled cell division and growth, resulting in a tumour.

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Give two examples of how cancer drugs might disrupt the cell cycle.

Cancer drugs could prevent DNA from replicating in interphase or could interfere with the formation of spindle fibres in prophase. 

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