What is phagocytosis?

Phagocytosis is a type of non-specific defence involving a phagocyte engulfing and destroying pathogens.

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What are phagocytes?

Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that engulf and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis.

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What are the two main types of phagocytes?

  1. Neutrophils
  2. Macrophages

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What is the role of lysosomes in phagocytosis?

Lysosomes fuse with with phagosomes to form phagolysosomes and their lysozymes digest and destroy pathogens


Phagosomes are sometimes called phagocytic vesicles.

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What are the steps involved in phagocytosis?

  1. A pathogen releases chemicals that attract a phagocyte
  2. The phagocyte recognises the pathogen's antigens as being non-self and binds to the pathogen
  3. The phagocyte engulfs the pathogen
  4. The pathogen is contained within a phagosome
  5. A lysosome fuses with the phagosome to form a phagolysosome
  6. Lysozymes digest and destroy the pathogen and the phagocyte presents the pathogen's antigens on its cell-surface membrane.

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What is a phagocyte called when it presents a pathogen's antigens on its surface, and what is the function of this process?

When a phagocyte presents a pathogen's antigens on its surface, it is called an antigen-presenting cell (APC).


The function of this process is to activate other cells in the immune system.

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