How can an index of diversity (d) be calculated?

  1. Measure the total number of individuals of all species in the area (N)
  2. Measure the total number of individuals in each species in the area (n)
  3. Put these values into the following formula to calculate the diversity index:


d =∑n(n−1)N(N−1)​

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How can genetic diversity within or between species be compared?

  1. Comparing the frequency of measurable or observable characteristics
  2. Comparing the base sequence of DNA
  3. Comparing the base sequence of mRNA
  4. Comparing the amino acid sequence of the proteins encoded by DNA and mRNA

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How can genetic biodiversity be assessed, and what does it mean if a population has a high genetic biodiversity?

Genetic biodiversity can be assessed by calculating the percentage of gene variants (alleles) in a genome within isolated populations.


A high genetic biodiversity means there is a large variety of alleles in the population's gene pool.

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What are species richness and species evenness?

Species richness is the number of different species in a particular area at a given time.


Species evenness is a comparison of the numbers of individuals of each species in a community.

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What are species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity?

  1. Species diversity - the number of different species and the number of individuals of each species
  2. Genetic diversity - the variation in alleles within a population of a species
  3. Ecosystem diversity - the number of different habitats

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