What are the four main levels of protein structure?

  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
  4. Quaternary

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What holds the primary structure of a protein together?

Peptide bonds.

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What type of bonds are involved in the secondary structure of a protein?

Hydrogen bonds.

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What are the two possible shapes formed by a protein's secondary structure?

Alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet.

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What holds the tertiary structure of a protein together?

Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions.

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What are the weak interactions between polar and non-polar R groups called?

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions.

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What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Two or more polypeptide chains held together by bonds.

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What are the bonds involved in the quaternary structure?

Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions.

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What are non-protein groups added to the quaternary structure called?

Prosthetic groups.

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Do all proteins have a quaternary structure?

No, only some proteins have a quaternary structure.

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What is the primary structure of a protein?

The primary structure is the unique sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

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What is the secondary structure of a protein?

The secondary structure is the folding of the polypeptide chain into an alpha-helix or a beta-pleated sheet.

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What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

The tertiary structure is the complex 3D structure formed by the folding and twisting of the polypeptide chain.

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Where do hydrogen bonds form when proteins fold into a secondary structure?

Hydrogen bonds form between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid further down the chain.

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Which type of chemical bond forms between positive and negative R groups?

Ionic bonds form between positive and negative R groups. 

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