1. Presence of photosynthetic pigments
2. Supply of carbon dioxide
3. Supply of water
4. Light energy
5. Suitable temperature

1. Light intensity
2. Carbon dioxide concentration
3. Temperature

A limiting factor is a requirement for a physiological process that is in the shortest supply, and increasing this factor allows the rate of this process to increase.

When temperature is the limiting factor, the rate of photosynthesis initially increases as the temperature is increased until an optimum.

At higher temperatures, the rate of photosynthesis decreases.

As temperature increases initially, enzyme and substrate molecules have more kinetic energy, increasing reaction rates and GP, TP, and RuBP concentrations.

Very high temperatures can denature enzymes, preventing the light-independent stage from proceeding.

When light is the limiting factor, the rate of photosynthesis increases as the light intensity increases.

At higher light intensities, the rate of photosynthesis reaches a plateau and another factor, such as temperature or carbon dioxide concentration, becomes the limiting factor.

Increasing light intensity increases the rate of the light-dependent stage, producing more ATP and NADP.

This leads to more GP being converted to TP and increased RuBP regeneration.

Low carbon dioxide concentrations reduce the amount of GP and TP due to less carbon dioxide being fixed.

This reduces the rate of photosynthesis overall.

The light compensation point is when the volume of oxygen produced and carbon dioxide absorbed in photosynthesis is balanced by the oxygen absorbed and the carbon dioxide produced by respiration.