1. Phosphorylation of glucose - two phosphate molecules, from the dephosphorylation of two ATP molecules, are added to glucose
2. Splitting of phosphorylated glucose - phosphorylated glucose is split into two triose phosphate (TP) molecules
3. Oxidation (dehydrogenation) of TP - hydrogen is removed from each of the two TP molecules and used to reduce two molecules of NAD
4. Production of ATP - two TP molecules are converted into two pyruvate molecules, and four ATP molecules are produced at the same time for a net gain of two ATP molecules

Glycolysis is the initial stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration where a six-carbon sugar, usually glucose, is split into two molecules of pyruvate.

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of living cells.

Two molecules of ATP, two molecules of reduced NAD, and two molecules of pyruvate.

No, glycolysis is an anaerobic process and does not require oxygen.

ATP is produced in glycolysis by directly transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to an ADP molecule.

If oxygen is available, pyruvate moves through mitochondrial membranes by active transport.