What is a neurone?

A neurone is a nerve cell specialised to rapidly transmit electrical nerve impulses.

Answer in your head, out loud, or on paper, then tap the card to flip.

What are the three main types of neurone?

  1. Sensory neurones
  2. Relay neurones (intermediate neurones)
  3. Motor neurones

Answer in your head, out loud, or on paper, then tap the card to flip.

Describe the basic structure of a myelinated motor neurone. Include the basic function of each part.

  1. Cell body - contains organelles
  2. Dendrites - carry impulses to the cell body
  3. Axon - carries impulses away from the cell body
  4. Schwann cells - form a myelin sheath around the axon
  5. Nodes of Ranvier - gaps in the myelin sheath

Answer in your head, out loud, or on paper, then tap the card to flip.

How is the cell body of a neurone well adapted for its function?

  1. Contains many mitochondria to release energy as neurones are very active cells
  2. Contains a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum to produce proteins and neurotransmitters
  3. Dendrites are highly branched to receive nerve impulses from many other neurones

Answer in your head, out loud, or on paper, then tap the card to flip.

What are the functions of Schwann cells?

  1. Form the myelin sheath to provide insulation
  2. Remove debris via phagocytosis
  3. Aid regeneration

Answer in your head, out loud, or on paper, then tap the card to flip.

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

The myelin sheath wraps around the axon, insulating it and allowing faster transmission of electrical impulses.

Answer in your head, out loud, or on paper, then tap the card to flip.

What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier?

The nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath where the impulse can jump from node to node, increasing the speed of transmission.

Answer in your head, out loud, or on paper, then tap the card to flip.

What are the functions of sensory neurones, relay neurones, and motor neurones?

  1. Sensory neurones - transmit nervous impulses from receptors to the central nervous system
  2. Relay neurones (intermediate neurones) - transmit nervous impulses between sensory neurones and motor neurones
  3. Motor neurones - transmit nervous impulses from the central nervous system to effectors, like muscles or glands

Answer in your head, out loud, or on paper, then tap the card to flip.

What are the key structural differences between sensory neurones, relay neurones, and motor neurones?

  1. Sensory neurones - one long axon and one dendron that leads into several smaller dendrites
  2. Relay neurones - many short axons and dendrites
  3. Motor neurones - one long axon and many dendrites

Answer in your head, out loud, or on paper, then tap the card to flip.

What is the typical pathway of an electrical impulse in a nervous response?

Receptor ➔ sensory neurone ➔ relay neurone ➔ motor neurone ➔ effector

Answer in your head, out loud, or on paper, then tap the card to flip.