1. The process involves less labour
2. The process is cheaper
3. Herbicide-resistant GM crops allow the use of herbicides to kill weeds without harming the crop
4. Insect-resistant GM crops are less likely to be killed by pests
5. Resistance to pests and herbicides increases crop yield

Increasing use of GM crops may result in the loss of traditional crop varieties, reducing biodiversity that may be valuable in a changing climate.

An environmental concern with herbicide-resistant GM plants is that they may crossbreed with wild plants, creating herbicide-resistant weeds.

1. Insect pests may evolve resistance
2. Non-target insects could be harmed

1. Improves quality - for example, disease resistance
2. Improves quantity - for example, they may reproduce all year
3. Improves productivity - for example, they may grow faster

For example, GM salmon grow year-round and reach market size faster than non-GM salmon.

1. Producing substances like insulin
2. Producing medicines, antibiotics, and enzymes
3. Manufacturing vaccines
4. Creating DNA libraries for research

1. There is a risk of accidental infections and disease outbreaks
2. There is a risk of engineered pathogens reverting to their harmful form
3. Genetically engineered pathogens could be used in biological warfare

Genetic manipulation of animals may compromise animal welfare and increase the commodification of animals.