What are monoclonal antibodies?

Monoclonal antibodies are those that are produced from a single clone of plasma cells that are identical to one another.

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What is the purpose of monoclonal antibodies in disease diagnosis?

Monoclonal antibodies bind to specific cell types and identify infected or abnormal cells.

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How are monoclonal antibodies used in treatment of disease?

Monoclonal antibodies bind to specific cells and bring therapeutic drugs with them.

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What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in pregnancy testing?

Monoclonal antibodies bind to the pregnancy hormone (hCG) in home pregnancy testing kits.

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What is the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) test used for?

The ELISA test detects the presence and quantity of protein in a sample, and is often used to determine the presence of antigens.

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Outline the steps of the ELISA test.

  1. Add sample to a well plate.
  2. Wash the well to remove any unbound antigens.
  3. Add the first antibody that can bind to target protein.
  4. Wash the well to remove any unbound antibodies.
  5. Add the second antibody with enzyme attached. These will bind to the first antibody. 
  6. Add a colourless enzyme substrate.
  7. Measure colour change that occurs when the enzyme acts on the substrate.

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