What is active immunity?

Active immunity is immunity that develops when the immune system produces its own antibodies after exposure to a pathogen's antigens.

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Give an example of natural active immunity.

An example of natural active immunity is when antibodies are produced after infection by a pathogen.

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Give an example of artificial active immunity.

An example of artificial active immunity is when antibodies are produced after being vaccinated against a disease.

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What is passive immunity?

Passive immunity is immunity that develops when an individual is given antibodies made by a different organism.

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Give an example of natural passive immunity.

An example of natural passive immunity is when babies receive antibodies from their mothers through the placenta and breast milk.

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Give an example of artificial passive immunity.

An example of artificial passive immunity is when antibodies or toxins produced by one organism are injected into another organism.

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What is vaccination?

Vaccination is the introduction of a pathogen's antigens into the body to stimulate an immune response.

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What are some examples of substances that vaccines may contain?

  1. Dead or inactivated pathogens
  2. Attenuated pathogen strains
  3. Harmless toxins
  4. Isolated antigens
  5. Genetically engineered antigens

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What does vaccination cause the body to produce?

Vaccination causes the body to produce antibodies against specific antigens.

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What are the main steps of vaccination?

  1. Injection of vaccine
  2. Primary immune response to produce antibodies
  3. Production of memory cells
  4. Rapid production of antibodies on second exposure to the pathogen
  5. Destruction of the pathogen

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When might booster vaccines be necessary?

Booster vaccines might be necessary to provide longer-lasting immunity.

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What is herd immunity?

Herd immunity is when a large proportion of a population are vaccinated to provide protection to those who are not vaccinated because it is harder for the pathogen to spread within a population.

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