Phosphorus is a vital component of ATP, phospholipids, and nucleic acids, which are essential for life.

Phosphorus is primarily found in sedimentary rock deposits.

In living organisms, phosphorus usually exists as phosphate ions.

Weathering and erosion of rocks dissolve phosphate ions into water sources in soil, which can then be absorbed by plants via their roots.

Animals obtain phosphorus by feeding on plants or animals that have taken in phosphate ions.

Phosphorus is returned to the environment through animal waste or when plants and animals die and decompose. Phosphorus in animal waste can accumulate and be transported into lakes and oceans, eventually forming sedimentary rocks.

Saprobiontic organisms like bacteria and fungi decompose dead plants and animals, releasing phosphate ions back into the environment.

Mycorrhizae are associations between certain types of fungi and the roots of most plants.

Mycorrhizae are beneficial to plants as they increase the surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions. They also hold water and minerals near the roots, helping the plant resist drought.

Mycorrhizae are beneficial to fungi as they allow them to receive organic compounds such as sugars and amino acids from plants.

The mutually beneficial relationship between plants and fungi through mycorrhizae is called mutualism.

Mycorrhizae aid in nutrient cycles by increasing the total surface area for absorption, improving the uptake of scarce ions such as phosphate ions by plants.