What is infertility?

Infertility is when a couple cannot get pregnant (conceive) despite having regular unprotected sex.

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What is the purpose of fertility treatment?

To help a person become pregnant. 

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What are the main 2 causes of female infertility? 

1The eggs do not mature properly.


2The eggs are not released properly. 

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What is the main cause of male infertility?

The sperm cannot swim well enough to reach the egg.

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Which 2 hormones are generally used in fertility treatment?

  1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).


  1. Luteinising hormone (LH).

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How can follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) help with infertility?

It stimulates the eggs in the ovary to develop and mature.

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How can luteinising hormone (LH) help with infertility?

It stimulates eggs to be released (ovulation).

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What does IVF stand for?

IVF - In Vitro Fertilisation.

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What are the stages of In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)?

  1. A woman is given FSH and LH to stimulate her eggs to mature.
  2. The eggs are collected from the woman's ovaries.
  3. Sperm is gathered from the male.
  4. The eggs are then fertilised by the sperm in a laboratory to form zygotes.
  5. The zygotes are then left to grow into embryos in a laboratory incubator.
  6. Once the embryos are large enough, they are transferred to the woman's uterus to develop into a foetus.

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What is Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)?

Sperm is injected into an egg cell with a tiny needle. This is generally done when the sperm cells are not fit enough to swim to the egg cell themselves.

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What are 5 drawbacks of IVF?

  1. There is a high chance of multiple births and associated complications.
  2. It can cause abdominal pain and vomiting.
  3. It has a low success rate (~30%).
  4. It can be stressful and emotionally upsetting.
  5. It is expensive.  

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Why do some people think IVF is unethical?

  1. Some embryos (which had the potential for human life) are destroyed.
  2. It could lead to 'designer babies' if parents can select embryos with specific traits.

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