What is a specialised cell?

A cell that is adapted to perform a particular function.

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What does differentiation mean?

Differentiation is the process by which cells become specialised. It can involve the cell changing shape, changing size, and changing the combination of organelles it contains.

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Why is cell differentiation important?

It allows the production of different types of cells, which can then form tissues and organs that perform various vital functions in the body.

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State a sperm cell's role,  and explain how it's adapted for that role.

Role: Its role is to deliver genetic material to an egg cell, and fertilise it.


Adaptations: 

  1. It has half as much genetic material as a normal cell so that the sperm and egg together will have the normal amount.
  2. It has lots of mitochondria to provide the energy for movement.
  3. It has a flagellum to allow it to swim to reach the egg
  4. It is streamlined to make swimming easier.
  5. It has digestive enzymes in its head, which allows it to break through the wall of the egg.

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Explain how a root hair cell is adapted for its role.

  1. It has a large surface area to absorb water and minerals ions.
  2. It has lots of mitochondria to provide the energy for active transport.
  3. It has lots of protein channels to transport water and mineral ions into the cell.

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Cellular differentiation mostly occurs during which stage of human life/development?

Cellular differentiation mostly occurs during the development of the embryo and foetus.

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What do we call cells that haven’t differentiated yet, but could still differentiate into any type of cell?

Stem cells.

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