What is obesity?

Obesity is a non-communicable disease characterised by an excessive amount of body fat.

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What factors contribute to the risk of becoming obese?

Consuming high amounts of sugary or fatty foods and lack of exercise can lead to obesity.

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Why is measuring obesity important?

Measuring obesity helps identify the risk for serious health issues associated with excessive body fat.

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What are two common methods for measuring obesity?

  • Body Mass Index (BMI)
  • Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)

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How is Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated?

BMI is calculated using a person's mass (kg) divided by the square of their height (m²).


BMI = height2mass​

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How can BMI values be used?

BMI values are compared to a standard table to classify an individual's weight category.

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Why can BMI be an unreliable measure of obesity?

BMI does not distinguish between mass from fat and muscle, leading to possible misclassification.

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What is the Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)?

WHR is a measure of obesity that compares the circumference of the waist to that of the hips.

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How do you calculate the Waist-to-Hip Ratio?

Divide the waist circumference (cm) by the hip circumference (cm) to get the WHR.


WHR = hip circumferencewaist circumference​

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What does a higher Waist-to-Hip Ratio indicate?

A higher WHR usually indicates more abdominal fat, which is associated with health risks.

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What WHR is classified as abdominal obesity for men?

For men, a WHR greater than 1.0 is classified as abdominal obesity.

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What WHR is classified as abdominal obesity for women?

For women, a WHR greater than 0.85 is classified as abdominal obesity.

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Why is identifying abdominal obesity useful?

Abdominal obesity is linked to higher risks of heart attacks, strokes, and other health issues.

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What happens when an individual's diet provides more energy than they use?

Excess energy from the diet can lead to the development of body fat, contributing to obesity.

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Why is abdominal fat particularly concerning?

Abdominal fat is closely associated with metabolic issues and cardiovascular diseases.

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