What is an indicator species?

An indicator species is an organism whose presence, absence, or abundance reflects a specific environmental condition, such as pollution levels.

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Why are indicator species important?

Indicator species are important because they can give us early warnings about the health of an ecosystem and help us monitor environmental changes.

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Why are some species good indicators of water pollution?

They are sensitive to changes like decreased oxygen levels, so their presence or absence reflects pollution levels.

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What does the presence of many aquatic invertebrates indicate?

A low level of water pollution, as they require higher oxygen levels to survive.

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What is a primary source of air pollution?

Combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles and power stations, releasing pollutants like sulfur dioxide.

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How can lichens indicate air quality?

Different types of lichens tolerate varying levels of pollution; their presence and type reflects air cleanliness.

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Which type of lichen thrives in clean air?

Bushy lichens, which are sensitive to pollutants like sulfur dioxide.

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What does the absence of lichens indicate?

Heavy air pollution, often due to high levels of sulfur dioxide.

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