What is industrial fermentation?

Industrial fermentation is the large-scale use of microorganisms to produce valuable substances like penicillin or insulin.

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What are fermenters used for in industrial fermentation?

Fermenters are large tanks that provide optimal growth conditions for microorganisms, controlling factors like temperature and pH.

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Why is temperature controlled in a fermenter?

To maintain a high reaction rate and prevent enzyme denaturation, ensuring efficient microorganism growth.

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What role does the pH probe play in a fermenter?

It monitors and adjusts the pH to maintain enzyme efficiency and a high reaction rate.

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Why are nutrients added to the culture medium in a fermenter?

To support the growth and metabolic activity of the microorganisms.

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What is the function of the water-cooled jacket in a fermenter?

It helps control the fermenter's internal temperature, stabilizing the environment for microorganisms.

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Why is air pumped into a fermenter?

Air provides oxygen for aerobic fermentations, necessary for microorganism respiration.

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What is the purpose of paddles in a fermenter?

Paddles mix the culture medium, ensuring uniform nutrient distribution and promoting growth.

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Why must fermenters be sterilised before use?

To prevent contamination and ensure a controlled growth environment for the microorganisms.

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What is the main benefit of using industrial fermenters?

They allow for the precise control of conditions, maximizing the yield of the desired product.

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What could happen if a fermenter is not properly sterilised?

Contamination could occur, leading to the growth of unwanted microorganisms and spoiling the product.

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