What type of cells make up the nervous system?

Nerve cells, also known as 'neurones'.

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What is the central nervous system (CNS) composed of?

The brain and spinal cord.

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What passes along nerve cells?

Electrical impulses.

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What is the gap between nerve cells called?

A synapse.

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How does a synapse transmit an electrical signal?

When an electrical impulse reaches the end of a neurone, it causes the release of chemicals (neurotransmitters).


These chemicals then diffuse across the synapse and stimulate the next neurone to carry another electrical impulse. 

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What is a reflex?

An automatic response to a stimulus.

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Why are reflexes so fast?

Reflex actions are fast because they are automatic and don't involve conscious parts of the brain.

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Why is it important for reflexes to be rapid?

To protect us from harm.

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What are the stages of a reflex arc?

stimulus ➔ receptor ➔ sensory neurone ➔ relay neurone ➔ motor neurone ➔ effector ➔ response

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What is the role of a receptor?

To detect a stimulus.

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What is the role of a sensory neurone?

To transfer a signal from a receptor to the CNS.

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What is the role of a relay neurone?

To transfer a signal from a sensory neurone to a motor neurone.

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What is the role of a motor neurone?

To transfer a signal from the CNS to an effector.

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What are the 2 main types of effectors?

1Muscles


2Glands

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Which structure is indicated in the above diagram of a reflex arc?

Effector.


(effectors can be muscles or glands)

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Which structure is indicated in the above diagram of a reflex arc?

Receptor.

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Which structure is indicated in the above diagram of a reflex arc?

Relay neurone.

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Which structure is indicated in the above diagram of a reflex arc?

Sensory neurone.

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