Active immunity develops when the immune system creates antibodies after exposure to antigens, leading to long-term protection.

Passive immunity occurs when individuals receive antibodies from another organism, providing immediate but short-term protection.

Natural active immunity is acquired through exposure to a disease-causing organism, prompting the immune system to respond.

Natural passive immunity is gained when a mother transfers antibodies to her baby via the placenta or breast milk.

The main advantage of active immunity is the long-term protection due to the production of memory cells.

The main advantage of passive immunity is the immediate protection it provides against diseases.

Artificial active immunity is acquired through vaccination, where a weakened form of the pathogen stimulates an immune response.

Passive immunity doesn't last because the body doesn't produce memory cells, and the introduced antibodies are eventually broken down.

Active immunity takes time to develop as the body needs to recognize the pathogen and produce the appropriate antibodies.