Name the 3 main types of blood vessels.

  1. Arteries
  2. Capillaries
  3. Veins

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What is the role of the arteries?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart (to the lungs, or body tissues).

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What is the role of the capillaries?

Capillaries exchange substances with the cells of the body (for example oxygen, glucose, and carbon dioxide).

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What is the role of the veins?

Veins carry blood towards from the heart (from the lungs, or body tissues).

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Which type of blood vessel has valves?

Veins have valves.

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How are arteries adapted to their function?

Function: To carry blood away from the heart


Adaptations:

  1. Thick muscle layer - to allow them to change their size and direct blood flow (e.g. if the muscle layer contracts, the artery will constrict which will reduce blood flow).
  2. Thick elastic layer - to allow the artery to stretch and recoil, so that blood pressure doesn’t change too much.
  3. Overall thick walls - to make them strong so that they don’t burst under the high pressure.


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How are capillaries adapted to their function?

Function: To exchange substances with the tissues.


Adaptations:

  1. One cell thick - short distance for diffusion into and out of the capillaries.
  2. Permeable walls - to allow substances to easily move in and out of the capillaries.
  3. Narrow lumen - slows down the blood, allowing more time for diffusion.

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How are veins adapted for their function?

Function: To carry blood toward the heart.


Adaptations:

  1. Wide lumen - to keep the blood pressure low.
  2. Valves - to prevent the back-flow of blood.

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What is the equation to calculate the rate of blood flow?

Rate of blood flow = volume of blood (ml) / time (min).

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It takes 6 minutes for 1740ml of blood to pass through an artery. Calculate the rate of blood flow through the artery in ml/min.

Rate of blood flow = volume of blood (ml) / time (min).


Rate of blood flow = 1740 / 6 = 290 ml/min

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